Validate Data in Spreadsheet Cells
- 6 minutes to read
This document introduces the Data Validation concept and demonstrates how use the Data Validation API to manage data validation rules in a worksheet.
Data validation ensures that a cell only accepts valid data. When users enter invalid data, a message can be displayed that explains why the value is invalid and/or how to correct the error.
Data Validation API
The DataValidation interface provides the data validation rule information - the DataValidation.Range in which the rule is in effect, the DataValidation.ValidationType, and other options which can be used while validating data.
The DataValidationCollection collection contains all data validation rules in a worksheet. Access the collection via the Worksheet.DataValidations property.
Use the DataValidationCollection.Add method to add a new data validation rule. To cancel a particular rule, remove it from the collection. To remove all data validation rules, clear the collection.
workbook.LoadDocument("Documents\\DataValidation.xlsx");
Worksheet worksheet = workbook.Worksheets[0];
// Add data validations.
worksheet.DataValidations.Add(worksheet["D4:D11"], DataValidationType.TextLength, DataValidationOperator.Equal, 3);
worksheet.DataValidations.Add(worksheet["E4:E11"], DataValidationType.List, ValueObject.FromRange(worksheet["H4:H9"].GetRangeWithAbsoluteReference()));
// Remove data validation by index.
worksheet.DataValidations.RemoveAt(1);
// Highlight data validation ranges.
int[] MyColorScheme = new int[] { 0xFFC4C4, 0xFFD9D9, 0xFFF6F6, 0xFFECEC, 0xE9D3D3 };
for (int i = 0; i < worksheet.DataValidations.Count; i++)
{
worksheet.DataValidations[i].Range.FillColor = Color.FromArgb(MyColorScheme[i]);
}
Use the DataValidationCollection.GetDataValidation method to retrieve data validation rules for the specified cell. The DataValidationCollection.GetDataValidations method obtains data validation entries for cells in the specified range or that meet certain criteria.
workbook.LoadDocument("Documents\\DataValidation.xlsx");
Worksheet worksheet = workbook.Worksheets[0];
// Add data validations.
worksheet.DataValidations.Add(worksheet["D4:D11"], DataValidationType.TextLength, DataValidationOperator.Equal, 3);
worksheet.DataValidations.Add(worksheet["E4:E11"], DataValidationType.List, ValueObject.FromRange(worksheet["H4:H9"].GetRangeWithAbsoluteReference()));
// Get data validation entry associated with a particular cell.
worksheet.DataValidations.GetDataValidation(worksheet.Cells["E4"]).Criteria = ValueObject.FromRange(worksheet["H4:H5"]);
// Get data validation entries for the specified range.
var myValidation = worksheet.DataValidations.GetDataValidations(worksheet["D4:E11"])
.Where(d => d.ValidationType == DataValidationType.TextLength).SingleOrDefault();
if (myValidation != null) myValidation.Criteria = 4;
// Get data validation entries that meet certain criteria.
foreach (var d in worksheet.DataValidations.GetDataValidations(DataValidationType.TextLength, DataValidationOperator.Equal, 4, ValueObject.Empty))
{
// Change criteria operator.
// Range D4:D11 should contain text with more than 4 characters.
d.Operator = DataValidationOperator.GreaterThan;
}
// Highlight data validation ranges.
int[] MyColorScheme = new int[] { 0xFFC4C4, 0xFFD9D9, 0xFFF6F6, 0xFFECEC, 0xE9D3D3 };
for (int i = 0; i < worksheet.DataValidations.Count; i++)
{
worksheet.DataValidations[i].Range.FillColor = Color.FromArgb(MyColorScheme[i]);
}
Data Validation Common Tasks
Task | API Members |
---|---|
Restrict data to predefined items in a list. | |
Restrict numbers outside a specified range. | |
Restrict dates and times outside a certain time frame. | |
Limit the number of text characters. | |
Validate data based on formulas or values in other cells. | |
Create a message that explains what data can be entered in a cell. | |
Create a message that appears when the end-user types incorrect data. | |
Check whether the cell contains valid data. | |
Retrieve cells that do not meet the data validation criteria. |
The code snippet below illustrates how to create and apply different validation criteria to worksheet cells using Data Validation API.
Note
The maximum length of a list used to specify the DataValidationType.List validation type or a custom validation criteria is 255 characters. When a list or criteria exceeds this value, an InvalidOperationException is thrown.
workbook.LoadDocument("Documents\\DataValidation.xlsx");
Worksheet worksheet = workbook.Worksheets[0];
worksheet["C1"].SetValue(DateTime.Now);
worksheet["C1"].NumberFormat = "mmm/d/yyyy h:mm";
// Restrict data entry to a whole number from 10 to 20.
worksheet.DataValidations.Add(worksheet["B1"], DataValidationType.WholeNumber, DataValidationOperator.Between, 10, 20);
// Restrict data entry to a number within limits.
DataValidation validation = worksheet.DataValidations.Add(worksheet["F4:F11"], DataValidationType.Decimal, DataValidationOperator.Between, 10, 40);
// Restrict data entry using criteria calculated by a worksheet formula.
worksheet.DataValidations.Add(worksheet["B4:B11"], DataValidationType.Custom, "=AND(ISNUMBER(B4),LEN(B4)=5)");
// Restrict data entry to 3 symbols.
worksheet.DataValidations.Add(worksheet["D4:D11"], DataValidationType.TextLength, DataValidationOperator.Equal, 3);
// Restrict data entry to values in a drop-down list specified in code.
// Note that the list in code should always use comma to separate entries,
// but the list in UI is displayed using culture-specific list separator.
worksheet.DataValidations.Add(worksheet["A4:A11"], DataValidationType.List, "PASS, FAIL");
// Restrict data entry to values in a drop-down list obtained from a worksheet.
worksheet.DataValidations.Add(worksheet["E4:E11"], DataValidationType.List, ValueObject.FromRange(worksheet["H4:H9"].GetRangeWithAbsoluteReference()));
// Restrict data entry to a time before the specified time.
worksheet.DataValidations.Add(worksheet["C1"], DataValidationType.Time, DataValidationOperator.LessThanOrEqual, DateTime.Now);
// Highlight data validation ranges.
worksheet["H4:H9"].FillColor = Color.LightGray;
int[] MyColorScheme = new int[] { 0xFFC4C4, 0xFFD9D9, 0xFFF6F6, 0xFFECEC, 0xE9D3D3, 0xFFDFC4, 0xFFDAE9};
for (int i = 0; i < worksheet.DataValidations.Count; i++){
worksheet.DataValidations[i].Range.FillColor = Color.FromArgb(MyColorScheme[i]);
}